Academy Lesson double-spend

Summary

Attempt to spend the same coins twice via conflicting transactions.

Direction	Relation	Node
Outgoing	EXPLOITS	Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO)
Outgoing	EXPLOITS	Mempool
Outgoing	WEAKENS	Probabilistic Finality
Outgoing	MITIGATED_BY	Confirmation
Incoming	STRENGTHENS	Replace-by-Fee (RBF)
Incoming	STRENGTHENS	Reorg
Incoming	WEAKENS	Proof of Work
Incoming	WEAKENS	Probabilistic Finality
Incoming	STRENGTHENS	Eclipse Attack

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This node is not part of the guided sequence.

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What is Bitcoin?

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Hover the headers for quick tooltips, then read the short canonical distinction.

Bitcoin is pseudonymous: addresses are public identifiers without built-in real names, but flows can still be traced and clustered.

Nodes enforce consensus rules by validating blocks/transactions. Miners order transactions into blocks and compete in proof-of-work.

Wallets store and manage cryptographic keys used to sign spends. The bitcoin itself exists as UTXOs on the blockchain state.

Bitcoin base layer optimizes final settlement and security. Lightning optimizes speed and cost for day-to-day payment flow.